Chakrabarti A, Memirie ST, Yigletu S, Mirutse MK, and Verguet S
Elderly: 1 study , 50-89 years old , 25% Risk of smoking According to the 2004 Surgeon Generals Report There is sufficient evidence that smoking causes the following conditions : Cancers : lung, oral (laryngeal) GI (esophageal, stomach, liver, pancreatic) GU (bladder, kidney, cervical) hematologic (myeloid leukemia) Risk of smoking Cardiovascular disease: atherosclerosis cerebrovascular coronary heart disease(CHD) abdominal aortic aneurysm Risk of smoking Respiratory disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) increased susceptibility to pneumonia impaired lung growth during childhood and adolescence Risk of smoking Reproductive effects: decreased fertility in women, complications of pregnancy , such as : premature rupture of the membranes placenta previa placental abruption miscarriage still birth low birth weight reduced lung function in infants sudden infantdeath syndrome (SIDS) Risk of smoking Oro-dental Problems: Stained teeth Gum inflammation Black hairy tongue Oral cancer Delayed healing of the gums Overall poor oral health Risk of smoking Consequences of chewing tobacco: Leukoplakia is a condition which, in the mouth, can develop into cancer
The compact size of metal pipes makes them perfect for discreet smoking sessions
Comprehensive efforts are needed to educate the public about the impact of cigarette filters to build support for effective tobacco product waste policy, the authors write
